以下是出现名词泛滥几种情况: 1.多余的名词 示例: 加快经济改革的步伐 to accelerate the pace of economic reform=to accelerate economic reform 2.空洞无含义的名词 示例: 随着机械化的实现 following the realization of mechanization=following the mechanization 3.分类名词 示例: 反对挥霍无度的做法 opposing the practice of extravagance=opposing extravagance 4.笼统名词 示例: 这座寺庙结构坚固,因而屹立不倒。 The prolongation of the existence of this temple is due to the solidity of its construction. This temple has endured because it was solidly built. 如何解决名词泛滥的问题 1.省去不必要的词(即,失去具体意义的词) 示例: 原用法 修改 根据指令的规定 under the provisions / terms of the Directive under the Directive Acme管理层做的决定 the decision by the management of Acme the decision by Acme / Acme’s decision 培训过程 the training process training 五年的时间 a period of five years five years 金额10 000欧元 the / an amount of EUR 10 000 EUR 10 000 根据实际条件 under the conditions encountered in practice in practice 增加筹资水平 increase funding levels increase funding 2.优选动词,而不选抽象名词 示例: 原用法 修改 开展业绩评估 carry out an evaluation of performance evaluate performance 开展欺诈调查 conduct an investigation into fraud investigate fraud 进行10 000欧元付款 effect payment of EUR 10 000 pay EUR 10 000 在设置研究院后 after the setting up of the Institute after the Institute was set up 实施了禁烟令 introduce a ban on smoking ban smoking 并未公布法律变更情况 Changes to the Law did not come about. The Law was not changed. 定期作物轮作是常规做法 The practice of crop rotation is regular. Crops are regularly rotated. 3.优选动名词,而不选抽象名词 补充说明:英语多用名词以体现其静态特征,而汉语则恰恰相反,汉语善用动词以体现其动态特征。这种现象的蔚然成风也带来一定的负面影响,因为名词的使用离不开介词和冠词,这样,本来句子中可以用一个动词表达清楚的意思这时候很可能需要使用“冠词+名词+介词”的结构才能进行完整替代,无形中使得整个句子变得更加冗长,甚至读之令人更加费解。然而,名词化在英语中的运用则可以增加语言的抽象性和客观性,从而提高语言的正式性和权威性,这是其优势所在。 示例: 原用法 修改 维护公众健康 the preservation of public health preserving public health 通过引进限速做法 by the introduction of a speed limit by introducing a speed limit 提供一项服务的成本 the cost of the provision of a service the cost of providing a service 开发项目设计 the development of a design for a project designing a project 4.尽量简略,减少废话连篇 示例: 原用法 修改 确保用于作业的设备合适,并操作安全 ensure the suitability of the equipment used for the performance of work and its safety for use ensure that equipment is suitable and safe 本通知试图增加大众对委员会调查流程的了解程度,并因此提高调查有效性,确保调查过程的高度透明化和预测性。 The notice seeks to increase understanding of the Commission’s investigation process and thereby enhance the efficiency of investigations and ensure a high degree of transparency and predictability in the process. The notice explains the Commission’s investigation process to ensure that it is efficient, transparent and predictable.