Figure

[Definition of Oxford Dictionary]: A shape which is defined by one or more lines in two dimensions (such as a circle or a triangle), or one or more surfaces in three dimensions (such as a sphere or a cuboid), either considered mathematically in geometry or used as a decorative design. A diagram or illustrative drawing, especially in a book or magazine. 【人或物的外部形状，看起来象某个形状的事物（事物的外部形状）】

Example:

The text is well illustrated with excellent diagrams, sketches and figures.

Lesions are often associated with main leaf veins (Figure 2A and 2B).

Map

[Definition of Oxford Dictionary]: A diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc.【地图，映射图，用于跟实际事物一一对应的概念性的图示（与实物之间的一一对应）】

Example:

You have to identify a street with a name, using a map or a road sign.

In fact, I've been looking at my road map planning my drive up to Sydney, and I realised something.

Diagram

[Definition of Oxford Dictionary]: A simplified drawing showing the appearance, structure, or workings of something; a schematic representation.【示意图，用简单的图线框对产品或过程所作的图示和解释（结构/功能/逻辑/过程的可视化）】

Example:

The data are summarized in the schematic diagram below.

Schematic diagrams of the probe and of the entire spectroscopy system are shown in Fig.1.

Sketch

[Definition of Oxford Dictionary]: A rough or unfinished drawing or painting, often made to assist in making a more finished picture.【通常指只画出物体主要特征的图画，速写】

Example:

This article will provide a brief biographical sketch of Barnes's life and a discussion of his legacy as a Baptist and as a teacher and writer.

Drawing

[Definition of Oxford Dictionary]: A picture or diagram made with a pencil, pen, or crayon rather than paint.【指用线条或色彩绘成的图画】

Example:

Original photographs or drawings are the obvious source of this information.

Over the next two years he drew in a frenzy, creating more than 100 pastel drawings.

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图图各异——近义词辨析