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并列连词连接的句子成分

Elements linked by coordinating conjunctions[并列连词连接的句子成分]

The chief coordinating conjunctions, you will remember, are “are”, “or”/”nor”, and “but”. The others – “for”, “so” and “yet” – have more limited uses and are far less common. These conjunctions connect words or groups of words that perform the same grammatical function in the sentence. (这些连接词在句子中起相同的语法作用)

Example

On Mount Emei it starts snowing in late October or early November, and it does not stop until April.


[Analysis: “Late October”和”early November”通过”or”连接,它们充当介词宾语,而通过”and”连接的句子两部分属于独立分句]
More Details

The elements linked by a coordinating conjunction are necessarily parallel in meaning. (Here, of course, “parallel” does not mean “the same”: the two clauses in “give me liberty or give me death” have quite different meanings, but the meanings are parallel.)[并列联次连接的句子成分大体上在意思上是平行的,但不一定相同]

Since the function and meaning of coordinate elements are parallel, it follows that, for logic and clarity, they should be expressed in parallel form. There are degrees of parallelism, and perfect symmetry is both rarely achieved and rarely necessary. But at a minimum, parallel form means that the words or groups of words in a pair must belong to the same grammatical category. [平行格式意味着成对词语或者成对词组的语法分类必须相同]


To be more specific, single words should not be paired with phrases or clauses. In addition, if the elements joined are words, they must both be the same part of speech – nouns, adjectives, etc.; if phrases, both of the same type – infinitive, participial, etc.; if clauses, both of the same rank – independent (main) or dependent (subordinate).
Examples of mismatched elements

原句:Also to be coordinated [between Hong Kong and Guangdong] are water supply, security, and how to move people and trucks across the border more efficiently. [名词+ 名词 +不定式短语]

修改:Also to be coordinated are water supply, security, and efficient movement of people and trucks across the border. [三个名词]

原句:Timber is needed for construction and to withstand flood. [介词短语 + 不定式短语]


修改:Timber is needed to provide material for construction and to help withstand floods. [两个不定式短语]
取自The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish, by Joan Pinkham with the collaboration of Jiang Guihua;如有侵权,联系删除


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