1. 名词（代词）+ 现在分词

The clock striking twelve, I went to bed. （表原因）

These women having produced works of the highest quality, any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them. （表原因）

2. 名词（代词）+ 过去分词

He lay there on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast. （表伴随）

Enough time given, she will surely do the job better. （表条件）

3. 名词（代词）+ 不定式　　

Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. （表伴随）　　

He proposed a picnic, he himself to pay for the railway tickets and John to provide the food. （表方式）

4. 名词（代词）+ 形容词短语

Her face pale with anger, she rose to go away. （表原因）

I saw a deep pond, the water blue like the sky. （表结果）

5. 名词（代词）+ 介词短语

Then, last night, I followed him here and climbed in, sword in hand. （表方式）

Child in arms, a few women stood there chatting. （表方式）

6. 名词（代词）+ 副词短语

Summer over, the students returned to school. （表原因）

7. 名词（代词）+ 名词短语

His first shot a failure, Tom fired again. （表原因）

8. with复合结构　　

“with复合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种，同样十分重要。在句中表示“原因，结果，伴随，方式”等情况。例如：

(1) with + 宾语 + 形容词

The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. （表伴随）　　

(2) with + 宾语 + 介词短语

The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. （表方式）　　

(3) with + 宾语 + 副词

The proud girl walked away with her head up. （表方式）　

一般说来，with 复合结构放在句末多表示伴随状况；若放在句首，则多表示“原因”或“条件”，例如：

With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 由于她妈妈不在家，这个女孩感到很孤单。

With the guide leading the way, I had no difficulty finding their village. 因为向导带路，我没怎么费事就找到了他们的村子。

The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. （表伴随）