It is useful to distinguish three types of redundant twins, the first of which is by far the most common:

1. a pair of words in which the meaning of one is virtually the same as that of the other.

Example: Original: although the road before us is rough and bumpy, we believed that the favorable situation will continue.

Revision: although the road before us is rough, we believed that the favorable situation will continue

Original: Even if problems do emerge, they can be easily corrected or solved.

Revision: Even if problems do emerge, they can be easily solved.

2. a pair in which the meaning of one is contained in or implied by the other.

Example: Original: representatives in the Sino-British talks failed to reach an agreement, despite the Chinese side’s best and through efforts toward that end.

Revision: representatives in the Sino-British talks failed to reach an agreement, despite the Chinese side’s best efforts.

Original: the KMT government arbitrarily arrested, imprisoned, and executed workers, students, and other patriotic democrats and promulgated and implemented a series of reactionary laws and decrees.

Revision: the KMT government arbitrarily arrested, imprisoned, and executed workers, students, and other patriotic democrats and promulgated a series of reactionary laws and decrees.

3. a pair in which the meaning of one is so vague and general that it cannot be differentiated from the other.

Original: So long as the two sides work together, bilateral relations will continue to grow and develop further.

Revision: So long as the two sides work together, bilateral relations will continue to grow/expand.

Original: the editorial also calls for strengthening and building the Party.

Revision: the editorial also calls for strengthening and expanding the Party.