Definition (Cambridge Dictionary): a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient（多指随某一事件引起的，必然或自然的不良结果，不强调直接的因果关系，而侧重事件发展的逻辑关系）

 Example: 

Scientists think it is unlikely that any species will actually become extinct as a consequence of the oil spill.

科学家们认为实际上不太可能会有什么物种因为石油泄漏而灭绝。

I told the hairdresser to do what she wanted to my hair, and look at the consequences!

我告诉理发师就按她的想法来做我的头发好了，可瞧瞧结果！

Well, if you insist on eating so much, you'll have to suffer/take (= accept and deal with) the consequences!

好吧，要是你坚持吃这么多，你会自食其果的！

Definition (Cambridge Dictionary): something that happens or exists because of something else（普通用词，含义广泛，侧重因某种原因所产生的最终结果，而不是眼前的结果）

 Example: 

His broken leg is the direct result of his own carelessness.

他自己的粗心大意直接导致他摔断了腿。

I tried to repaint the kitchen walls with disastrous results.

我试图重新粉刷一下厨房的墙，结果却弄得一塌糊涂。

To ensure good/the best results, use Italian tomatoes and fresh basil.

为了保证做好后口味好／最佳，要用意大利西红柿和新鲜的罗勒。

Definition (Cambridge Dictionary): the result of a particular influence（指因某种原因直接产生的结果，着重持续稳定与其影响）

 Example: 

The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.

核辐射泄漏给环境带来了灾难性的影响。

I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn't have any effect.

我试着吃了几片药，但头疼一点都没有减轻。

She has a lot of confidence, which she uses to good effect (= to her advantage) in interviews.

她很自信，在面试时她充分利用这一点，占尽了优势。

Definition (Cambridge Dictionary): a result or effect of an action, situation, etc.（普通用词，多指事物经过一系列发展变化所导致的最终结局，而不是某种原因的直接结果。常可与result通用）

 Example: 

It's too early to predict the outcome of the meeting.

现在预言会议的结果还为时过早。

We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations.

我们在等待谈判的最终结果。

These costs are payable whatever the outcome of the case.

无论讼案结果如何，这些费用都应照付。