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如何处理中文流水句


流水句是汉语一个特点。流水句包含若干较短的小句,各小句之间没有关联词连接,如行云流水般,故名。汉译英时,遇到较长的流水句,需要理清各部分之间的语义关系,拆解后译出,并添加必要的连接词,以体现各部分之间的逻辑关系。

断句时,要注意把关系密切的部分划在一起。可以根据英文习惯调节汉语短句在英文出现的次序。英文各句的主语尽量一致。


如几个小句归并为一句,还要按照各小句意思的重要程度,从高到低依次用主句、从句、短语、单词来表达。例如:

原文:国庆节回家,那个黄河边上的乡村,开小汽车的乡亲开始多见,虽然他们穿衣打扮还没有太多的改变,但当我看到他们开上价值20多万的汽车时,我很是欣喜。

译文:Over the National Day holiday, I went back to my village on the banks of the Yellow River. I noticed that though villagers still dressed the same way as before, many of them now drove cars, some even as costly as 200 thousand yuan. This made me very happy

说明:原文一逗到底,英文断为三句。第二句增加I noticed,与第一句主语一致,使前后更加连贯。注意:though从句不可以后置,因为主句(many of them now drove cars...) 与下一句(This made me very happy.)联系更加紧密。


汉语的流水句即使不太长,翻译为英语时,也往往需要根据意思层次分别采用主句、短语或单词的形式表达各个层次的意思。例如:

原文:农忙时,家里农活忙碌,邀邻居来帮忙,只需吃顿简单的饭,聊聊天。

译文:During the busy season, people would ask their neighbours to help out in the fields and afterwards everyone was happy with a simple meal and a good chat.

说明:汉语里全是同一形态的动词(忙、忙碌、邀、来、帮忙吃、聊天),英文只有两个主句(people would ask...和everyone was happy),其余的都变为短语附着在两个主句。

取自《理解与表达:汉英翻译案例讲评》,李长栓、施晓菁著,如有侵权,联系删除

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