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精简慢启动句子

1. 元话语

下面一类词语或短语叫元话语(metadiscourse)：in some respects, in my opinion, at least, as everyone knows, may, might, can, could, seem, tend, try, attempt, seek, hope, it is generally agreed that, it is quite true that , as we can plainly see, literally。元话语使用过多，会妨碍意思的传达。翻译时，应注意少用或不用元话语。

示例：众所周知，从上世纪70年代末开始，中国开始进行经济体制的深刻改革和全面对外开放，极大地促进了生产力的发展和社会的繁荣。

Starting in the late 1970s, China initiated a series of radical economic reforms and policies of overall opening up to the world, leading to increased productivity and social prosperity.

2.多余的引导性动词

汉语中有些词语和短语，如果直接翻译为英语，只能推迟主要动词的出现，不如省略不译。这和英语的慢启动句子(slow-starting sentences)是相同的。例如：

努力（大力、尽力）等

make great efforts to, make every effort to, try our best to, do our utmost to, do everything possible to, strive to, endeavor to, work hard to, consciously, make conscious efforts to

示例：尤其需要努力吸收和借鉴人类社会创造的一切文明成果。

A: It is especially necessary to make great efforts to assimilate the achievements of other cultures.

B: It is especially necessary to assimilate the achievements of other cultures.

重视（注意、强调）

pay attention to, pay heed to, lay stress on, attach importance to, stress, emphasize

示例：所有企业都应当重视提拔模范工人。

A: All enterprises must pay attention to promoting excellent workers.

B: All enterprises must see to it that excellent workers are promoted.

搞好（……工作）

do a good job in, make a success of , achieve success in, do successful work in, be good at

示例1：当前的主要任务是努力搞好科研成果的推广和应用工作。

A: The principal task at present is to do a good job in disseminating and applying the results of scientific and technological research.

B: The principal task at present is to disseminate and apply the results of scientific and technological research.

示例2：同时要搞好城市居民的医疗保健工作。

A: A good job must be done in medical care work for the urban residents too.

B: Good medical care must be provided for city people too.

取自《非文学翻译理论与实践》，李长栓编著；如有侵权，联系删除

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