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诗可译而又不可译

 

诗可译是说从字面上可译,而不可译指的是诗的情愫、意境、联想、神韵、语言美(包括朗诵时的艺术美)等等是不可译的。根据许渊冲“三美论”,诗歌翻译要讲究意美、音美和形美。


在一首诗的翻译中,叙述人称的选择也是极为重要的,不同的人称视角能够带来截然不同的感受。试着比较下面三种翻译。
 

月夜

杜甫

今夜鄜州月,闺中只独看。

遥怜小儿女,未解忆长安。

香雾云鬟湿,清辉玉臂寒。


何时倚虚幌,双照泪痕干。

Rewi Alley的译文如下:

This night at Fuchow there will be moonlight,

And there she will be gazing into it.

With the children already gone to sleep,

Not even in their dreams and innocence thinking of their father at Changan;

Her black hair must be wet with the dew of this autumn night,

And her white jade arms, chilly with the cold;

When, oh, when shall we be together again,


Standing side by side at the window, looking at the moonlight with desired eyes.

许渊冲的译文如下:

A Moonlit Night

On the moon over Fuzhou which shines bright,

Alone you would gaze in your room tonight.

I’m grieved to think our little children are

Too young to yearn for their father afar.

Your cloudlike hair is moist with dew, it seems;

Your jade-white arms would feel the cold moonbeams.

O when can we stand by the windowside,


Watching the moon with our tear traces dried?

翻译家杨宪益和戴乃逸夫妇的译文如下:

One Moonlight Night

On this moonlight night in Fuzhou

She will be watching in her room alone;

Far away, my heart aches for our children,

Too young to remember Chang’an.

Her cloudy hair will be damp in the fragrant mist,

Her jade-white arms cold in the limpid light;

When shall we lean together by gauze curtains,


Side by side beneath the moon, all our tears dried?


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